What material is acrylonitrile?
Acrylonitrile (AN) is an important organic chemical raw material, widely used in synthetic fibers, plastics, rubber and other fields. In recent years, with the rapid development of the chemical industry, the market demand for acrylonitrile has continued to grow and has become one of the hot topics. This article will introduce in detail the properties, uses, production processes and market dynamics of acrylonitrile.
1. Basic properties of acrylonitrile
Acrylonitrile is a colorless, volatile liquid with a pungent odor. Its chemical formula is C₃H₃N and its molecular weight is 53.06. The following are the main physical and chemical properties of acrylonitrile:
| nature | numerical value |
|---|---|
| boiling point | 77.3°C |
| melting point | -83.6°C |
| Density | 0.806 g/cm³ |
| flash point | -1°C |
| solubility | Easily soluble in water, ethanol, ether and other organic solvents |
2. Main uses of acrylonitrile
Acrylonitrile is an important raw material for the synthesis of a variety of chemical products. Its main uses include:
| Application areas | Specific use |
|---|---|
| synthetic fiber | Produces acrylic fiber (polyacrylonitrile fiber) for use in textile, clothing and other industries |
| plastic | Manufacture of ABS resin (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer), SAN resin, etc. |
| Rubber | Produces nitrile rubber (NBR) for use in automobiles, aerospace and other fields |
| Others | Used to produce carbon fiber, pesticides, pharmaceutical intermediates, etc. |
3. Production process of acrylonitrile
Acrylonitrile is mainly produced by propylene ammoxidation, and its reaction equation is:
2CH₂=CH-CH₃ + 2NH₃ + 3O₂ → 2CH₂=CH-CN + 6H₂O
The following are the main steps of the acrylonitrile production process:
| steps | Description |
|---|---|
| Raw material preparation | Mix propylene, ammonia and air in a certain proportion |
| reaction process | Under the action of catalyst, ammoxidation reaction occurs to generate acrylonitrile. |
| product separation | Separate acrylonitrile and other by-products through absorption, distillation and other steps |
| Purification | Further purify acrylonitrile to reach industrial grade or food grade standards |
4. Market trends of acrylonitrile (hot spots in the past 10 days)
According to recent market data, the acrylonitrile industry shows the following trends:
| Hot content | Details |
|---|---|
| price fluctuations | Affected by the price of crude oil, the price of acrylonitrile has increased slightly. The current market price is about 12,000-13,000 yuan/ton. |
| Capacity expansion | A large domestic chemical company announced a new 200,000 tons/year acrylonitrile unit, which is expected to be put into operation in 2024. |
| Environmental protection policy | Many places have strengthened environmental supervision of acrylonitrile production companies and promoted the green transformation of the industry. |
| Downstream demand | The demand for high-purity acrylonitrile in the carbon fiber industry has grown significantly, with an annual growth rate of 15% |
5. Safety and environmental protection of acrylonitrile
Acrylonitrile is a toxic and flammable chemical. Please pay attention to the following matters when using it:
| Risk type | protective measures |
|---|---|
| Toxicity | Contact with skin or inhalation of vapor may cause poisoning, protective equipment required |
| Flammability | Keep away from fire sources and store in a cool and ventilated place |
| environmental pollution | Wastewater and waste gas must be professionally treated before being discharged |
Conclusion
As an important chemical raw material, acrylonitrile plays an indispensable role in the national economy. With the advancement of technology and the improvement of environmental protection requirements, the acrylonitrile industry is developing in an efficient, green and sustainable direction. In the future, its application in the field of high-end materials will be further expanded, and the market prospects are broad.
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